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When it comes to training, finding the right balance of exercise, nutrition, and rest can make a significant difference in your results. Some athletes and gym-goers take this formula one step further by adding the best nitric oxide supplements to their routine, which may help increase blood flow and transport oxygen and nutrients to the muscles.(1)
The Best Nitric Oxide Supplements – Our Top Picks
- Best Nitric Oxide Pre-Workout Supplement: Legion Pulse Pre-Workout
- Best Nitric Oxide Supplement for Vascularity: Huge Supplements Magnify
- Best Nitric Oxide Supplement for Pump: Legion Performance Surge
- Best Nitric Oxide Supplement without Caffeine: Kaged Pre-Kaged® Stim-Free
- Best Nitric Oxide Supplement for Women: Transparent Labs Stim-Booster
- Best Nitric Oxide Supplement for Bodybuilding: Kaged Pre-Kaged® Elite
- Best Nitric Oxide Pill: Transparent Labs Nitric Oxide
- Best Natural Nitric Oxide Supplement: Transparent Labs L-Citrulline
The belief behind nitric oxide supplements is certain ingredients produce more nitric oxide in the body which may lead to better workouts. That said, it’s important to note that nitric oxide is not actually in these supplements. Instead, the best nitric oxide supplements contain anything from beetroot powder and pine bark extract to L-citrulline and L-arginine—ingredients that may help boost nitric oxide production.
And while supplements are not designed to replace proper nutrition, rest, and exercise, the right nitric oxide supplement may benefit your health and workouts. We put together a comprehensive guide on what to look for, as well as our top picks for the best nitric oxide supplements.
Why Trust Us?
The health and safety of ACTIVE’s readers is of the utmost importance to us. To ensure your well-being when consuming nitric oxide supplements, the ACTIVE.com editorial team prioritizes products that are independently tested by a third party. We’ve also consulted with a team of nutritionists and dieticians to ensure the products we feature are of the highest standard. This helps us create the most accurate, authentic review content for our readers.
Best Nitric Oxide Pre-Workout Supplement - Legion Pulse Pre-Workout
SPECS
- Dosage: 2 scoops (27.9g)
- Type: Powder
- Ingredients: L-citrulline DL-malate 2:1, beta-alanine, betaine anhydrous, caffeine anhydrous, L-theanine
- Certifications: Labdoor™ Tested for purity
Why We Picked It
Formulated to help you "train harder, go longer, and finish stronger, or your money back," Legion Pulse Pre-Workout is a pre-workout formula that uses a natural blend of nootropics for energy output and enhanced focus. These clinically-studied ingredients are combined to help create sustainable momentum without jitters, an upset stomach, or a post-workout crash. It's also available sans caffeine if you're watching your stimulant intake.
The boost in nitric oxide comes from clinically-studied ingredients like beta-alanine and L-citrulline, the latter having been shown to help increase muscular endurance, work capacity, and blood flow, ensuring you're making the most out of your heavy training session.(2) Legion Pulse also contains Alpha-GPC, a molecular compound that may help stimulate growth hormone response in the body during resistance training for an increase in strength and power.(3)
Last but not least, this pre-workout is third-party tested for purity and potency and contains no artificial sweeteners, flavors, or dyes.
What We Like
- Ingredients for muscle pump and energy
- 100% natural and third-party tested
- Transparent labeling with no proprietary blends
- Caffeine-free version available
- Several flavors
What We Don't Like
- Only 20 servings
- Expensive
Best Nitric Oxide Supplement for Vascularity - Huge Supplements Magnify
SPECS
- Dosage: 6 capsules
- Type: Capsules
- Ingredients: Beet extract, L-citrulline, Nitrosigine®, L-norvaline, green coffee bean extract, green tea extract, turmeric extract
- Certifications: GMP-certified, made in FDA-regulated facility
Why We Picked It
In bodybuilding, vascularity is characterized by the appearance of prominent veins in the arms and legs, signaling increased blood flow to the muscles. More than just for aesthetics, a vascular pump can help power your performance and provide the motivation needed to set that new PR. We recommend Huge Supplements Magnify because it's a pumped-up pill with vasodilating nitrate ingredients like beet extract, patented Nitrosigine®, and L-citrulline to help facilitate blood flow and oxygen to the muscles.(4,5)
"Your workout will be more amplified and the energy output will be greater resulting in immaculate vascularity." - Jerry T. (Verified Buyer)
As for caffeine, Huge Supplements uses a 150-milligram caffeinated blend of green coffee bean, green tea extract, and natural fruits and vegetables called S7™. This formidable NO booster is also GMP-certified and made in the USA.
What We Like
- Ingredients for pump and vascularity
- Well-reviewed among users
- Can be stacked with other Huge Supplements products
- Third-party tested
What We Don't Like
- Contains proprietary blend
- 6 capsule serving can be a lot
Best Nitric Oxide Supplement for Pump - Legion Performance Surge
SPECS
- Dosage: 1 scoop (4g)
- Type: Powder
- Ingredients: PeakATP®, KSM-66® ashwagandha extract, alpha-GPC 50%
- Certifications: NSF-certified, third-party tested
Why We Picked It
Designed to support your body’s natural nitric oxide production, the simple three-item ingredient list in this formula is backed by the NSF and clinically dosed, demonstrating a commitment to quality and efficacy. Legion Performance Surge combines PeakATP® (a patented form of Adenosine-5'-triphosphate), ashwagandha extract, and alpha-GPC to support pump and muscle power while reducing stress and fatigue during intense exercise. Plus, the powder is free of artificial sweeteners, flavors, and dyes.
What We Like
- Trio of 100% natural pump-supporting ingredients
- Clinically-effective dosage
- Third-party tested and NSF-certified
- Money-back guarantee
What We Don't Like
- Only available in unflavored
- Some added sugars
Best Nitric Oxide Supplement without Caffeine - Kaged Pre-Kaged® Stim-Free
SPECS
- Dosage: 1 scoop (27.9g)
- Type: Powder
- Ingredients: L-citrulline, beta-alanine, fermented BCAAs, creatine HCL, taurine, L-tyrosine, antioxidant blend, coconut water powder
- Certifications: Informed-Choice Certified
Why We Picked It
While caffeine has been shown to have some positive effects on athletic performance, there can also be a downside in the form of increased anxiety, headaches, and gastrointestinal distress. Stomach issues are the last thing you want during a long run or an intense training session. Additionally, if you are a young athlete or primarily train in the evening, the high caffeine content of the typical pre-workout can disrupt healthy sleep patterns necessary for recovery. You may find that a stimulant-free supplement better fits your fitness needs.
Kaged Pre-Kaged® Stim-Free has all the nitric oxide pump action of the standard Pre-Kaged®—including 6.5 grams of L-citrulline and 1.5 grams of creatine HCL—without the caffeine jitters. It is designed specifically for athletes that engage in weight training, HIIT (high-intensity interval training), and CrossFit. Pre-Kaged® Stim-Free also includes a Spectra® antioxidant blend of 29 fruit and vegetable extracts and coconut water powder for extra hydration.
What We Like
- Caffeine-free for better sleep recovery
- 6.5g of L-citrulline
- Formulated for athletes and active people
- Vegetarian and vegan-friendly
What We Don't Like
- Over $2 per serving
- Only available in 2 flavors
BUY: Kaged Pre-Kaged® Stim-Free
Best Nitric Oxide Supplement for Women - Transparent Labs Stim-Booster
SPECS
- Dosage: 1 scoop (5g)
- Type: Powder
- Ingredients: L-tyrosine, nooLVL®, taurine, AlphaSize® alpha GPC, PurCaf® caffeine, Stevia extract, blue spirulina
- Certifications: Made in facilities compliant with FDA standards, third-party tested
Why We Picked It
Women want to feel that high-octane weightlifting pump too, so when looking for a quality, female-friendly nitric oxide supplement, you can’t go wrong with Transparent Labs Stim-Booster. Transparent Labs Stim-Booster uses 800 milligrams of stimulant-free nooLVL®, a patented combination of arginine and silicon, which may help increase nitric oxide production and blood flow. This formula isn't entirely stimulant-free, however. You will get 100 milligrams of PurCaf® caffeine from organic green coffee beans.
"It really helps give that little extra boost to my pre-workout that I need sometimes." Haley C. (Verified Buyer)
Transparent Labs supplements can often be more expensive due to their premium ingredients, but this pre-workout breaks down to only $0.66 per serving. Lastly, if you opt for subscribe-and-save, you can receive an additional 10% off your monthly order and qualify for free shipping.
What We Like
- $0.66/serving
- Subscribe-and-save for 10% off and free shipping
- Vegan-friendly
- Reviewers say it tastes good and mixes well
What We Don’t Like
- Contains proprietary blends
- Only available in blue raspberry and unflavored
BUY: Transparent Labs Stim-Booster
Best Nitric Oxide for Bodybuilding - Kaged Pre-Kaged® Elite
SPECS
- Dosage: 1 scoop (35.3g)
- Type: Powder
- Ingredients: L-citrulline, beta-alanine, creatine monohydrate and nitrate, betaine anhydrous, L-carnitine, taurine, caffeine, L-tyrosine, alpha-GPC
- Certifications: Informed-Choice Certified
Why We Picked It
Formulated with bodybuilders and elite athletes in mind, Kaged's Pre-Kaged® Elite has 388 milligrams of PurCaf® organic caffeine per serving, that's 200 milligrams more than Pre-Kaged Sport. Pre-Kaged® Elite also has a massive pump-and-performance blend of 10,000 milligrams of L-citrulline, 3,200 milligrams of beta-alanine, 3,000 milligrams of creatine monohydrate, and 2,000 milligrams of creatine nitrate. A double-take is warranted; 10,000 milligrams—or 10 grams—of citrulline per serving are listed on the label. Additionally, creatine nitrate (NO3-T) is another patented ingredient that has been shown to work as a nitrous oxide booster that can contribute to muscle pumps.(6)
With great power comes great responsibility, so you will want to heed Kaged's advice and start with a half-scoop serving to assess your tolerance for such high dosages. It is also crucial to not exceed more than the stated one scoop serving per day. Additionally, you'll see the best results by consuming this all-in-one pre-workout 20-30 minutes before your training session.
What We Like
- Highly-dosed pump and performance formula
- 3 flavor choices
- 9 patented + 20 premium ingredients
- Third-party tested
- Non-GMO, naturally flavored, and gluten-free
What We Don't Like
- Extremely high caffeine content will not work for all
- Nearly $3 per serving
Best Nitric Oxide Pill - Transparent Labs Nitric Oxide
SPECS
- Dosage: 4 capsules
- Type: Capsules
- Ingredients: Vitamin C, arginine nitrate, betaine nitrate, glutathione, pine bark extract, astragalus membranaceus root, Panax notoginseng root
- Certifications: Made in facilities compliant with FDA standards, third-party tested
Why We Picked It
Bodybuilders, fitness fanatics, and hard-core gym goers will appreciate the stacked ingredient list in Transparent Labs Nitric Oxide Advanced Pump Amplifier combined into four potent daily pills. This stimulant-free nitric-oxide booster is designed to enhance blood flow and muscle pumps while also supporting recovery and athletic performance. The key ingredients that make this possible include a balance of arginine nitrate and betaine nitrate, glutathione, pine bark extract, and vitamin C.
Transparent Labs Nitric Oxide is pricier than other brands, so make sure to shop around before settling on a product or look into the subscribe and save option. Also, this formula does not contain beetroot, a potent nitric oxide booster found in other brands.
What We Like
- Contains arginine nitrate and glutathione
- No artificial sweeteners, coloring, or preservatives
- Ingredients to support weight training
- Subscribe and save option for 15% off
What We Don’t Like
- Daily dose is 4 capsules
- No beetroot
BUY: Transparent Labs Nitric Oxide
Best Natural Nitric Oxide Supplement - Transparent Labs L-Citrulline
SPECS
- Dosage: 1 scoop (2g)
- Type: Powder
- Ingredients: Fermented L-citrulline
- Certifications: Made in facilities compliant with FDA standards, third-party tested
Why We Picked It
Featuring nothing but pure and natural fermented L-citrulline, Transparent Labs L-Citrulline powder is designed to increase blood flow and muscle pumps, as well as boost workout recovery. Citrulline, or Citrullus lanatus, is an amino acid derived from watermelon rinds and aids in the body's absorption and conversion of L-arginine as well as being gentler on your kidneys.(7) Simply put, just mix a two-gram scoop of this powder into your pre- or post-workout shake and power up your performance with a nitric oxide boost.
What We Like
- 2,000mg of fermented L-citrulline per serving
- No artificial sweeteners, coloring, or preservatives
- Formulated to support enhanced blood flow and recovery
- Subscribe-and-save option for 10% off and free shipping
What We Don’t Like
- Flavor may be an issue for some
- Some users may want multiple ingredients
BUY: Transparent Labs L-Citrulline
How Do Nitric Oxide Supplements Work?
Nitric oxide supplements often use vasodilating (widening) compounds and natural ingredients—such as beetroot—that can loosen the muscles inside your blood vessels. This occurrence results in the expansion of the blood vessels, which helps the circulatory system increase the blood flow and oxygen to your muscles while lowering blood pressure.(8)
Benefits of Nitric Oxide Supplements
Nitric oxide supplements contain ingredients that have an ergogenic effect—intended for enhancing physical performance, stamina, and recovery when active—as well as the ability to help enhance the flow of blood and oxygen in the veins, increasing vascularity and a feeling of muscle fullness. Nitric oxide may also help aid in elevated levels of endurance and the healing of activated muscle tissue after training.(9) Science aside, nitric oxide supplements also tend to contain stimulants for increases in energy before and during training. Additionally, the "pump" feeling from a boost of nitric oxide can lend itself to sustained training motivation. Common nitric oxide ingredients L-arginine and L-citrulline have also been shown to help treat symptoms of erectile dysfunction.(10,11)
How We Chose the Best Nitric Oxide Supplements
We carefully selected the products featured in this NO supplements roundup by considering criteria like formula, certifications, cost, and dosage, prioritizing those that meet our high standards for these categories. We try not to recommend any product or service we would not feel confident using ourselves. Satisfaction also plays an important role in our decisions, so we look at customer service and reviews to form a better assessment of each of these products chosen.
How to Choose the Best Nitric Oxide Supplement
Dosage
Look for a transparent label with accurate and clear dosage amounts. Some products include a proprietary blend, making it difficult to know how much of each ingredient you’re getting. When possible, choose a nitric oxide supplement that lists the dosage for each main ingredient. In general, powders require one scoop, and capsules require three to four pills to reach the recommended dosage.
Type
Nitric oxide supplements are generally available in powder or capsules. The type you choose depends on personal preference. If taking pills is not ideal, then opt for a powder to mix into water or another drink. Remember that the powder form is flavored, and taste should factor into your decision. Most nitric oxide supplements in pill or capsule form require three to four pills to reach the maximum dosage.
Ingredients
The ingredients in nitric oxide supplements are intended to increase the level of nitric oxide in the body. Some of the more common ingredients to look for include:
- Beets: Beetroot is a healthy superfood that is known to improve nitric oxide levels.(12) Research suggests that beetroot juice can boost nitric oxide levels, leading to increased blood flow, gas exchange, mitochondrial biogenesis and efficiency, and strengthening muscle contraction.(13)
- Arginine: L-arginine is an amino acid that is also a precursor to nitric oxide: The body changes L-arginine to nitric oxide. Therefore, supplementing with L-arginine may improve overall blood vessel health and lower blood pressure.(14)
- Glutathione: Glutathione is an antioxidant that helps regulate vascular function. For example, research shows an increase in nitric oxide levels in the body when glutathione and L-citrulline are taken together.(15)
- Citrulline: L-citrulline is an amino acid that converts to arginine. Once converted to arginine, it turns into nitric oxide, leading to a higher nitric oxide level in the body. Some research suggests that citrulline is more efficient at increasing arginine availability than arginine alone.(16)
In addition to the ingredients listed above, nitric oxide supplements may contain pine bark extract, black pepper extract, beta-alanine, caffeine, and food-based ingredients like pomegranate, red spinach, and green leafy vegetables.
Certifications
Dietary supplements are regulated as food by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Because of this, it’s important to review the ingredient list and look for third-party testing and other certifications. Examples of certifications include CGMP certification, which refers to the Current Good Manufacturing Practice regulations established by the FDA.
You may also see “Informed Choice Certified” on a supplement. Products with this designation are regularly tested for prohibited substances in dietary supplements. The presence of an Informed Choice Certified mark also informs consumers that the product was made in an environment with quality systems appropriate for the stringent demands of dietary supplements and sports nutrition manufacturing.
Are Nitric Oxide Supplements Safe?
Nitric oxide supplements are considered safe but may have some side effects depending on the ingredients used in the formula, such as stomach distress or jitters from excess caffeine. If the primary nitrate used in the NO formula is beetroot juice, then there is the possibility that you will experience a pinkish to dark red coloring in your urine or stool. This occurrence is known as beeturia and is mostly harmless, lasting around 48 hours, but may also indicate an iron deficiency.(17) If you're at all concerned about using nitric oxide supplements, consult your primary physician.
FAQs About Nitric Oxide Supplements
Do nitric oxide supplements work?
Nitric oxide supplements are designed to work by increasing nitric oxide production in your body. However, it’s difficult to say if they work or not. Ingredients like L-arginine, L-citrulline, and beetroot powder show some success in boosting nitric oxide, while others do not have enough evidence to support their claims to increase blood flow and heighten athletic performance. Therefore, it’s best to consult your doctor or a registered dietician to determine if a nitric oxide supplement will work for you.
Who should take nitric oxide supplements?
Nitric oxide supplements might be a good addition to your supplement routine if you’re dedicated to weightlifting, athletics, or an active lifestyle. Some people may take nitric oxide supplements to help with conditions like high blood pressure, but this is best managed by your doctor. It’s always important to follow the dosage instructions. If you’re new to nitric oxide supplements, talk with your doctor before adding one to your daily routine, especially if you have a health or medical condition or taking a medication that could cause adverse reactions when taking nitric oxide supplements.
What causes low nitric oxide in the body?
According to the Journal of the American Heart Association, aging is a leading cause of low nitric oxide in the body.(18) Cardiovascular disease is another cause of low nitric oxide in the body.(19) Additionally, some research points to chronic renal disease as a cause of low nitric oxide production in the body.(20)
How much do nitric oxide supplements cost?
The cost of nitric oxide supplements can range from about $1 to $3 per serving, depending on the formula and the quality of the ingredients. Many supplement manufacturers offer regular promotions or subscribe-and-save discounts, which can help reduce the overall cost.
When is the best time to take a nitric oxide booster?
If you're using a nitric oxide booster for a muscle pump when working out, the best time to take this supplement is about 30 to 60 minutes before your training session.
Our Final Takeaway
Training motivation can come in many forms, and sometimes a good muscle pump is all you need to power through a heavy workout. Of course, nitric oxide powder and pills do more than just pump you up—as we've established—they've also been shown to possibly help with energy levels, prolonged endurance, and faster recovery, depending on the formula. If you feel you need a little more oomph from your pre-workout to push through a plateau or renew your motivation, maybe a muscle pump supplement is a worthy investment.
These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.
References
- Human Performance Resources by CHAMP. (2019). Nitric Oxide Supplements - Operation Supplement Safety. The Department of Defense Dietary Supplement Resource. Retrieved November, 2022, from https://www.opss.org/article/nitric-oxide-supplements
- Kiani, A. K., Bonetti, G., Medori, M. C., Caruso, P., Manganotti, P., Fioretti, F., Nodari, S., Connelly, S. T., & Bertelli, M. (2022). Dietary supplements for improving nitric-oxide synthesis. Journal of preventive medicine and hygiene, 63(2 Suppl 3), E239–E245. https://doi.org/10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2022.63.2S3.2766
- Ziegenfuss T, Landis J, Hofheins J. Acute supplementation with alpha-glycerylphosphorylcholine augments growth hormone response to, and peak force production during, resistance exercise. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2008 Sep 17;5(Suppl 1):P15. doi: 10.1186/1550-2783-5-S1-P15. PMCID: PMC3313098.
- Domínguez R, Cuenca E, Maté-Muñoz JL, García-Fernández P, Serra-Paya N, Estevan MC, Herreros PV, Garnacho-Castaño MV. Effects of Beetroot Juice Supplementation on Cardiorespiratory Endurance in Athletes. A Systematic Review. Nutrients. 2017 Jan 6;9(1):43. doi: 10.3390/nu9010043. PMID: 28067808; PMCID: PMC5295087.
- Rogers JM, Gills J, Gray M. Acute effects of Nitrosigine® and citrulline malate on vasodilation in young adults. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2020 Feb 24;17(1):12. doi: 10.1186/s12970-020-00343-y. PMID: 32093766; PMCID: PMC7041093.
- Macuh M, Knap B. Effects of Nitrate Supplementation on Exercise Performance in Humans: A Narrative Review. Nutrients. 2021; 13(9):3183.
- Figueroa, A., Wong, A., Jaime, S. J., & Gonzales, J. U. (2017). Influence of L-citrulline and watermelon supplementation on vascular function and exercise performance. Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care, 20(1), 92–98. https://doi.org/10.1097/MCO.0000000000000340
- Ahmad A, Dempsey SK, Daneva Z, Azam M, Li N, Li PL, Ritter JK. Role of Nitric Oxide in the Cardiovascular and Renal Systems. Int J Mol Sci. 2018 Sep 3;19(9):2605. doi: 10.3390/ijms19092605. PMID: 30177600; PMCID: PMC6164974.
- Kiani AK, Bonetti G, Medori MC, Caruso P, Manganotti P, Fioretti F, Nodari S, Connelly ST, Bertelli M. Dietary supplements for improving nitric-oxide synthesis. J Prev Med Hyg. 2022 Oct 17;63(2 Suppl 3):E239-E245. doi: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2022.63.2S3.2766. PMID: 36479475; PMCID: PMC9710401.
- Kobori Y, Suzuki K, Iwahata T, Shin T, Sadaoka Y, Sato R, Nishio K, Yagi H, Arai G, Soh S, Okada H, Strong JM, Rohdewald P. Improvement of seminal quality and sexual function of men with oligoasthenoteratozoospermia syndrome following supplementation with L-arginine and Pycnogenol®. Arch Ital Urol Androl. 2015 Sep 30;87(3):190-3. doi: 10.4081/aiua.2015.3.190. PMID: 26428638.
- Cormio L, De Siati M, Lorusso F, Selvaggio O, Mirabella L, Sanguedolce F, Carrieri G. Oral L-citrulline supplementation improves erection hardness in men with mild erectile dysfunction. Urology. 2011 Jan;77(1):119-22. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2010.08.028. PMID: 21195829.
- National Institutes of Health. (2022). Dietary Supplements for Exercise and Athletic Performance - Fact Sheet for Health Professionals. NIH Office of Dietary Supplements. Retrieved November, 2022, from https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/ExerciseAndAthleticPerformance-HealthProfessional/#beetroot
- Domínguez, R., Cuenca, E., Maté-Muñoz, J. L., García-Fernández, P., Serra-Paya, N., Estevan, M. C., Herreros, P. V., & Garnacho-Castaño, M. V. (2017). Effects of Beetroot Juice Supplementation on Cardiorespiratory Endurance in Athletes. A Systematic Review. Nutrients, 9(1), 43. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9010043
- Lopez-Jimenez, M.D, Francisco. "L-arginine: Does it lower blood pressure?" Mayo Clinic, 01 March 2022, URL. Accessed November, 2022.
- McKinley-Barnard, S., Andre, T., Morita, M. et al. Combined L-citrulline and glutathione supplementation increases the concentration of markers indicative of nitric oxide synthesis. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 12, 27 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12970-015-0086-7
- Agarwal, U., Didelija, I. C., Yuan, Y., Wang, X., & Marini, J. C. (2017). Supplemental Citrulline Is More Efficient Than Arginine in Increasing Systemic Arginine Availability in Mice. The Journal of nutrition, 147(4), 596–602. https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.116.240382
- Sauder HM, Rawla P. Beeturia. [Updated 2022 Oct 9]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK537012/
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- Schmidt, R. J., & Baylis, C. (2000). Total nitric oxide production is low in patients with chronic renal disease. Kidney international, 58(3), 1261–1266. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1755.2000.00281.x
About the Author
Sara is a writer who focuses on health, wellness, and fitness. She holds a bachelor's degree in exercise science and a master's degree in counseling. Her work has been featured in SELF, Healthline.com, ACTIVE.com, Verywell, LIVESTRONG, Headspace, Health, INSIDER, Men's Health, Runner's World, Bicycling Magazine, SheKnows, and Everyday Health among others.
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