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Vitamin B12, also known as cobalamin, is one of 13 essential vitamins that the human body cannot operate properly without. It has a number of super important functions, among the most notable being nervous system development, red blood cell formation, and DNA synthesis. Especially important for athletes, B12 also serves an important role in energy metabolism and even affects digestion, leaving its mark on how you absorb foods. Common food sources of vitamin B12 include tuna, salmon, clams, beef, milk, yogurt, eggs, and fortified cereals. The recommended daily intake for adults is 2.4 micrograms, with pregnant and lactating women needing slightly more, which is why many prenatal vitamins include B12.(1)
The two populations at the highest risk for vitamin B12 deficiency are older adults and vegans. In older adults, this is due to a reduced ability to absorb B12, whereas in vegans it’s due to a lack of dietary sources. Signs of deficiency include mild anemia (low red blood cells), fatigue, pale skin, and weight loss. Deficiency is rare because the body can store B12 for years.
The Best B12 Vitamins - Our Top Picks
- Best Multivitamin with B12: Ritual Essentials Multivitamins
- Best Gummy B12 Vitamin: Future Kind Vegan B12 Energy Gummies
- Best B12 Vitamin for Energy: Kaged Pre-Kaged® Elite
- Best Vegan B12 Vitamin: Future Kind Vegan B12
- Best Chewable B12 Vitamin: Micro Ingredients Vitamin B12 Chewables
- Best Affordable B12 Vitamin: New Chapter Cellular Energy B12 Gummies
- Best Liquid B12 Vitamin: Future Kind Vegan B12 Spray
- Best Organic B12 Supplement: New Chapter Fermented Vitamin B12
- Best High-Dose B12 Vitamin: Micro Ingredients Vitamin B12 Chewables
- Best B12 Supplement for Absorption: Future Kind Vegan B12 Spray
- Best Vitamin B12 Supplement for Diabetes: Natural Stacks Dopamine Brain Food
As it may be difficult for some people to meet their B12 needs from diet alone, they may want to take a supplement. Vitamin B12 supplements come in a variety of forms. Which you choose is a matter of preference. To help you select the right B12 supplement for you, the ACTIVE Reviews Team has done the work for you, identifying the best B12 vitamins of 2023.
Why Trust Us?
The health and safety of ACTIVE’s readers is of the utmost importance to us. To ensure your well-being when consuming dietary supplements, the ACTIVE.com editorial team prioritizes products that are independently tested by a third party. We’ve consulted with a team of nutritionists and dieticians to ensure the products we feature are of the highest standard. This helps us create the most accurate, authentic review content for our readers.
Best Multivitamin with B12 - Ritual Essentials Multivitamins
SPECS
- Dosage: 2 capsules
- Form: Methylcobalamin
- Cost per serving: $1.10
- Type: Capsules
- Servings per container: 30
Ritual Essentials Multivitamins topped our list for the best multivitamin with B12 for a few key reasons. First off, this formula contains a manageable dose of 8 micrograms of B12 that is safe for daily consumption. Some brands provide excessive doses that are unnecessary for most people. Second, the formula uses methylated-B12 (methylcobalamin), a more naturally occurring, active form that is better absorbed in the body. Third, Ritual uses traceable, sustainably-sourced ingredients for their products, and they are third-party tested for quality and purity.
Ritual is a subscription service that ships your monthly supply of multis straight to your door, so you will need to sign up to order but can pause or cancel your membership at any time. As an added bonus, Ritual Essential Multivitamins are available in clinically-dosed formulas for men and women 18+, men and women over 50, teenagers, children, and pre-and-postnatal women. For active individuals at any age looking for a daily multivitamin supplement to maintain their B12 levels, Ritual should be a fitting option.
What We Like
- Lower dose is suitable for daily use
- Methylated-B12 for better absorption
- Several formulas available
- Third-party tested
What We Don't Like
- Dose may be too low for some
- Expensive compared to other brands
BUY: Ritual Essentials Multivitamins
Best Gummy B12 Vitamin - Future Kind Vegan Vitamin B12 Energy Gummies
SPECS
- Dosage: 1 gummy
- Form: Cyanocobalamin
- Cost per serving: $0.67
- Type: Gummies
- Servings per container: 30
Who doesn't love a good gummy, especially if you have difficulty swallowing capsules or tablets? Imagine if there was an energy gummy that had 500 micrograms of B12 and tasted good. You would love it even more, right? Well, there’s no need to imagine because it exists. Future Kind Vegan Vitamin B12 Energy Gummies delivers that very dose in a delicious raspberry flavor, earning top honors as the best gummy B12 vitamin.
A dosage of 500 micrograms may seem massive compared to the recommended daily about of around 2.4 micrograms; however, higher doses of vitamin B12 are generally found to be safe as the body absorbs what it needs, and the excess passes through urine.(2) Another thing to keep in mind is that these are vegan multivitamins, and individuals on a vegan diet tend to be at risk for vitamin D deficiency, thus the higher dosage in Future Kind's formula.(3)
Future Kind Vegan Vitamin B12 Gummies use cyanocobalamin, a synthetic or man-made form of B12 that is primarily used to treat deficiencies.(4) If you're getting plenty of vitamin B12 from your diet alone, this may be more than you need.
What We Like
- Easy to take daily
- Higher dosage for those with B12 deficiencies
- Budget-friendly
- Vegan
What We Don't Like
- Dose may be too high for some
- Contains added sugars
BUY: Future Kind Vegan B12 Energy Gummies
Best B12 Vitamin for Energy - Kaged Pre-Kaged® Elite
SPECS
- Dosage: 1 scoop (34.9)
- Form: Methylcobalamin
- Cost per serving: $2.40
- Type: Powder
- Servings per container: 20
For an all-in-one boost of energy before your workout, Kaged Pre-Kaged® Elite has the premium formula for you. Pre-Kaged® features energy-and-focus-extending ingredients like 388 milligrams of organic PurCaf caffeine and two sources of creatine—monohydrate and nitrate. And, of course, 1,000 micrograms of methylcobalamin vitamin B12. This is an easy-to-mix powder and is available in five fruity flavors, including Caribbean Sunrise and Orange Mango.
Kaged Pre-Kaged® Elite is non-GMO, naturally-flavored, gluten free, and Informed-Choice Certified. It is also fully-dosed for elite athletes, so it is highly recommended that you begin with a half scoop mixed into 6 to 8 ounces of water at first in order to test your tolerance, especially if you are caffeine sensitive. Otherwise the dosage is one full scoop mixed with 12 to 16 ounces of water about 20 to 30 minutes before training. You will not want to exceed more than one scoop per day.
Lastly, Kaged is on the more expensive side, but they do offer a subscribe-and-save program for extra discounts.
What We Like
- Several highly-dosed ingredients for energy
- 9 patented + 20 premium ingredients
- 5 flavors
- Third-party tested
- Subscribe-and-save program
What We Don't Like
- Amounts of caffeine and B12 may be too high for some
- Expensive
Best Vegan B12 Vitamin - Future Kind Vegan B12 Chewable
SPECS
- Dosage: 1 tablet, 1-3x daily
- Form: Methylcobalamin
- Cost per serving: $0.50
- Type: Chewable tablet
- Servings per container: 30
As previously stated, individuals who adhere to the vegan diet can become deficient in a few vitamins and minerals—such as vitamin B12—that they would otherwise receive from a diet rich in seafood, meat, poultry, eggs, and dairy products and therefore may require vegan supplements to fill those gaps. Future Kind Vegan B12 Chewable is highly-dosed at 1,000 milligrams per tablet of methylcobalamin B12. It's also much easier to take than regular tablets as it can be chewed thoroughly or dissolved in your mouth. The wild berry flavor is also a hit with reviewers.
Other than their commitment to third-party tested, 100% vegan products, Future Kind's bottles are made from recycled materials and come in eco-friendly packaging via carbon-neutral shipping. The brand also supports animal charities.
What We Like
- Highly-dosed for vegans with B12 deficiencies
- Great tasting, chewable tablet
- Budget-friendly
- Third-party tested
What We Don't Like
- You may go through the bottle faster if you take the full 3 daily doses
- B12 dosage may be too high for some
BUY: Future Kind Vegan B12 Chewable
Best Chewable B12 Vitamin - Micro Ingredients Vitamin B12 Chewables
SPECS
- Dosage: 1 tablet
- Form: Methylcobalamin
- Cost per serving: $0.13
- Type: Chewable tablet
- Servings per container: 180
For athletes, who already have to drink a ton of fluids to stay hydrated, drinking more to take a B12 supplement may be a pain point. Chewable supplements offer an efficient and convenient way to take vitamins and minerals without fluids. In seeking the best chewable B12 vitamin of 2023, we zeroed in on Micro Ingredients Vitamin B12 Chewables.
This product provides a biologically-active, 5,000-microgram dose of methylated B12 per chewable tablet, ensuring the best absorption. In addition, this mega-dose is available in a 180-tablet resealable bag. It is also vegan, non-GMO, and third-party tested. For active people wanting to take a B12 supplement without having to stop everything and swallow a pill, Micro Ingredients Vitamin B12 Chewables is our top choice for the category.
What We Like
- Chewable or dissolvable
- 180 highly-dosed servings
- Budget-friendly
- Bag is resealable and recyclable
What We Don't Like
- Free shipping starts at $49
- B12 dosage may be too high for some
BUY: Micro Ingredients Vitamin B12 Chewables
Best Affordable B12 Vitamin - New Chapter Cellular Energy B12 Gummies
SPECS
- Dosage: 2 gummies
- Form: Methylcobalamin
- Cost per serving: $0.60
- Type: Gummies
- Servings per container: 30
The cost of dietary supplements can certainly add up. Even so, some are a worthwhile investment for optimizing your health. Just as investing in new accessories for your bike may improve its performance, investing in your health by taking a supplement may improve yours. B12 is an essential vitamin that you should surely supplement if your levels are low, especially if you’re an athlete, vegan, or an older individual.(5) Thankfully, some options can provide you with your daily dose of B12 at a decent price. The top of our list for the best affordable B12 vitamin of 2023 is New Chapter Cellular Energy B12 Gummies, for their low price and two tiers of subscribe-and-save programs, which will net you an even greater discount if you need multiple supplements.
So far, we've been throwing some high B12 microgram numbers at you, but these twice-daily gummies only contain a 350 microgram dose of methylcobalamin B12, much lower for those that need a less significant boost without putting a hole in your wallet. It’s also a quality product that is certified organic and third-party tested. As a bonus, these gummies contain organic Blue Agave inulin fiber to combat excess amounts of sugar and organic cordyceps mushrooms which may prevent fatigue when exercising.(6)
What We Like
- Great value for price
- Lower dosage of vitamin B12
- Contains fiber and cordyceps
- Subscribe-and-save options
What We Don't Like
- Only 30 serving per container
- Does contain some sugar
BUY: New Chapter Cellular Energy B12 Gummies
Best Liquid B12 Vitamin - Future Kind Vegan B12 Spray
SPECS
- Dosage: 1 mL
- Form: Methylcobalamin
- Cost per serving: $0.33
- Type: Liquid spray
- Servings per container: Approx. 60
Taking supplements can be a hard pill to swallow, pun intended. Some people just don’t enjoy taking pills. Thankfully, when it comes to supplementing with B12, there are a number of other methods of administration, including liquid sprays and drops. We chose Future Kind Vegan B12 Spray as our best liquid B12 vitamin mainly for its 100% clean, vegan formula and ease of use.
The product provides a precise 500-microgram dose of methylated B12, making it suitable for daily use with a high rate of absorption. You just spray it into your mouth up to 5 times, and you're good to go. This convenient form of B12 is great for active individuals who can’t be bothered with taking pills. Just throw it in your gym bag alongside your favorite running shoes and supplementing with B12 is an easy task.
What We Like
- Provides 500 mcg of methylated B12, good for daily use
- 100% clean, vegan formula
- Budget-friendly
- 2-month supply
What We Don't Like
- Comes in only 1 flavor
- May be hard to accurately dose each spray
BUY: Future Kind Vegan B12 Spray
Best Organic B12 Supplement - New Chapter Fermented Vitamin B12
SPECS
- Dosage: 1 tablet
- Form: Cyanocobalamin, methylcobalamin
- Cost per serving: $0.60
- Type: Tablets
- Servings per container: 30
Certified USDA-organic and featuring a 1,000 microgram B12 total of 600 micrograms of cyanocobalamin from ferment media and 400 micrograms of methylcobalamin for high absorption, New Chapter Fermented Vitamin B12 is our pick for this category.
This once-daily tablet also contains a blend of 45 milligrams of organic maca root, organic Schizandra fruit, and organic cardamom fruit to help aid in digestion.
What We Like
- USDA-organic and non-GMO
- High-dose
- Can be taken on an empty stomach
- Has organic ingredients for digestion
What We Don't Like
- Contains proprietary blend
- Only 30 tablets per bottle
BUY: New Chapter Fermented Vitamin B12
Best High-Dose B12 Vitamin - Micro Ingredients Vitamin B12 Chewables
SPECS
- Dosage: 1 tablet
- Form: Methylcobalamin
- Cost per serving: $0.13
- Type: Chewable tablet
- Servings per container: 180
With a whopping 5,000 micrograms of methylated B12 per serving, it should come as no surprise that Micro Ingredients Vitamin B12 Chewables is our pick for the best high-dose vitamin B12 supplement. We also like that this enormous dose comes in a 180-tablet resealable bag.
Micro Ingredients Vitamin B12 is vegan, non-GMO, and third-party tested. It's also chewable or dissolvable, depending on your preference, meaning you can ingest these high levels of B12 without needing to swallow several large pills.
What We Like
- 180 high-dose servings
- Chewable or dissolvable
- Budget-friendly
- Bag is resealable and recyclable
What We Don't Like
- Free shipping starts at $49
- B12 dosage may be too high for some
BUY: Micro Ingredients Vitamin B12 Chewables
Best B12 Supplement for Absorption - Future Kind Vegan B12 Spray
SPECS
- Dosage: 1 mL
- Form: Methylcobalamin
- Cost per serving: $0.33
- Type: Liquid spray
- Servings per container: Approx. 60
If you're dealing with vitamin B12 deficiency and need a more bioavailable method for ensuring that your supplement is properly absorbed, we have the selection for you. Future Kind Vegan B12 Spray provides a 500-microgram dose of methylated B12 for a higher absorption rate before even hitting your digestive tract. You simply spray it into your mouth up to 5 times per day and let it do its work.
What We Like
- Provides 500 mcg of highly-absorbable methylated B12 per spray
- 100% clean, vegan formula
- 2-month supply
- Budget-friendly
What We Don't Like
- Only 1 flavor
- May be hard to accurately dose each spray
BUY: Future Kind Vegan B12 Spray
Best Vitamin B12 Supplement for Diabetes - Natural Stacks Dopamine Brain Food
SPECS
- Dosage: 3 capsules
- Form: Methylcobalamin
- Cost per serving: $1.60
- Type: Capsules
- Servings per container: 20
Vitamin B12 deficiency can become an issue for those living with type I and type II diabetes, with supplementation being a common suggestion for treatment.(7) Natural Stacks Dopamine Brain Food contains 4,000 micrograms of absorbable methylcobalamin vitamin B12, among other ingredients like vitamin B6 and L-tyrosine to help support dopamine production, a plus for those with diabetes that can see a decrease in their dopamine levels.(8)
Natural Stacks Dopamine Brain Food uses natural ingredients that are transparent and third-party tested. This B12 Supplement is more expensive per serving than the majority of our list, but Natural Stacks provides discount services for subscription and bundle savings. They also have a 100% money-back guarantee.
What We Like
- Ingredients for vitamin B12 absorption and dopamine
- Highly-dosed
- Natural, transparent ingredients
- 100% money-back guarantee
What We Don't Like
- Expensive
- 3-capsule serving size
BUY: Natural Stacks Dopamine Brain Food
How We Chose the Best B12 Supplements
We looked at several types of vitamin B12 supplements, including capsules, tablets, liquids, chewables, etc. We thought about which would be most likely to be taken on a consistent basis. From there, we selected brands with transparent labeling that provide proper dosages to meet your needs based on recommendations from your healthcare provider. Finally, we considered your budget and chose products with the best value for your money. Considering these factors enables us to help point you in the right direction for the best B12 supplement for your needs.
How to Choose the Best B12 Supplement for You
There are several things not to overlook when you’re shopping for a B12 supplement. Here are the main factors to keep in mind.
Type
In addition to chemical forms—methylcobalamin and cyanocobalamin—B12 also comes in several physical forms, including capsules, gummies, chewable tablets, sublingual lozenges, sprays, and liquid. They even come in an injectable form, though this would have to be administered by a qualified healthcare provider. While nose sprays and injectable B12s are the best absorbed, there is not much of a difference in absorption among the over-the-counter versions. Therefore, you’ll have to decide which form of administration you prefer.
Dosage
The proper dose of Vitamin B12 will vary by age, gender, and specific reasons for taking it. You only need 2.4 micrograms per day, and when you supplement with B12, your body can absorb only a small percentage of the dose. Even so, B12 supplements typically provide anywhere from 250-5,000 micrograms. The best way to determine the proper dose is to have your blood B12 levels checked to see how low they are. Your doctor may then recommend a specific dose. In general, if you are looking to take B12 preventatively, it’s best to start with a lower dose of 250-1,000 micrograms. Try using a pill organizer to make sure you take the proper dosage consistently.
Cost
B12 supplements can vary in price depending on the quality and quantity of the ingredients. Compare the cost per serving, dosage, and servings per container as a product with a higher price point may provide more value compared to an inexpensive product that is underdosed. Additionally, many of the brands we selected for our list have subscribe-and-save programs for extra discounts.
Certifications
If you have dietary restrictions, it's important to know whether a product is certified organic, vegan, or non-GMO. Supplements that are third-party tested should also be taken into consideration, as they have been tested by an unbiased agency for quality, potency, and purity.
Benefits of B12
Vitamin B12 plays an important role in nervous system development, red blood cell formation, and DNA synthesis.(1) It’s especially important for athletes due to its function in energy metabolism, and it even affects how we absorb nutrients from food.(9) Considering B12’s vital role in the formation of red blood cells, which carry oxygen throughout the body, it’s a particularly key nutrient for endurance athletes.
Without vitamin B12, our brain and nerve cells would not be able to function or continue to develop properly. Our red blood cells would become enlarged and unable to carry oxygen efficiently through our bodies. Plus, we wouldn’t be able to properly metabolize nutrients from food, leading to fatigue and potential deficiencies.
Forms of Vitamin B12
B12 supplements come in a few different forms. It’s important to know the differences between them and which is best for you. The main forms found in supplements include cyanocobalamin and methylcobalamin. The former, cyanocobalamin, is synthetic and must be converted in the body before it can be utilized. The latter, methylcobalamin, is a more naturally occurring form and does not need to be converted in the body, making it slightly better absorbed.(10)
Best Time to Take a B12 Supplement
You'll see a lot of morning recommendations for the best time to take vitamin B12 due to its energizing effect; however, it can be taken safely at any time, especially if your vitamin B12 supplement calls for multiple doses throughout the day. B12 can also be taken on an empty stomach if you choose not to take it at mealtime.
Signs of B12 Deficiency
You should be able to get adequate amounts of vitamin B12 from your diet, but those on a vegetarian or vegan diet, some preexisting conditions, and the elderly have higher risks of experiencing vitamin B12 deficiency.
Some of the more common signs of deficiency include:
- Weakness
- Fatigue
- Heart palpitations
- Shortness of breath
- Numbness and tingling
- Headaches
- Changes in mood
- Gastrointestinal issues
If you are concerned about your vitamin B12 levels, consult with your doctor first before choosing a supplement so that you can find one that is properly dosed for your needs.
Who May Not Benefit from a B12 Supplement
Younger individuals—meaning those under the age of 50—who aren't on a vegetarian or vegan diet may be able to absorb all the vitamin B12 they need from a well-balanced meal plan featuring meat, seafood, poultry, dairy, and eggs. If you fall into this category, a vitamin B12 supplement may have very little to no effect on your overall well-being.
Our Final Thoughts
For those who have been diagnosed with vitamin B12 deficiencies due to diet, medical conditions, or age, a dedicated vitamin B12 supplement can help alleviate some of the unappealing side effects. Otherwise, if you eat a diet containing nutrients from food rich in vitamin B12, you may not necessarily need to take this particular supplement. These products can vary depending on the form of B12 and the dosage used, so make sure to consult your primary doctor and have your levels checked as your first step.
FAQs About Vitamin B12
Which form of vitamin B12 is best?
The most common forms of B12 found in supplements are methylcobalamin and cyanocobalamin. The former is a more naturally occurring substance that is more quickly absorbed, whereas the latter is a synthetic version that requires a bit of extra processing in the body to be utilized. Experts will often recommend the methylated form if you are looking to maximize absorption, although the synthetic version can also maintain your B12 levels in most cases.
Is it okay to take B12 every day?
B12 has a low risk of toxicity and is safe for most people to take every day. If you are unsure of your B12 levels, it may be worth it to have them checked first before supplementing. It’s always better to start with a lower-dose B12 supplement rather than jumping right to the highest dose possible. As always, you’ll want to check with your healthcare provider before you start taking such a supplement.
What foods have B12?
The most common food sources of B12 are tuna, salmon, clams, beef, milk, yogurt, eggs, and fortified cereals. When it comes to plant-based options, most vegans and strict vegetarians get their B12 from nutritional yeast and plant-based foods that are fortified.
How much B12 do I need a day?
The recommended daily amount for vitamin B12 is about 2.4 micrograms, but pregnant or breastfeeding women may need a slightly higher amount.
What medications should not be taken with B12?
Always check with your doctor or pharmacist if you have any concerns about whether your medications can be taken with a vitamin B12 supplement. Generally, the use of a vitamin B12 supplement should be avoided when taking antibiotics, anti-seizure drugs, or additional vitamins like vitamin C, which may affect absorption levels.
What happens if your B12 is too high?
As previously stated in this article, vitamin B12 is considered safe in high doses as the body will only absorb what it needs and expel the rest through urine. Still, consult with your doctor if unsure.
What Are Vitamins | Nutrient-Dense Foods | Fat-Soluble Vs. Water-Soluble Vitamins | Best Vitamin D Supplements | Best Magnesium Supplements | Best Iron Supplements | Best Vitamins for Energy | Best Beet Supplements | Best Vitamin B12 Supplements | Best Calcium Supplements
These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.
References
- National Institutes of Health. (2022). Vitamin B12 - Fact Sheet for Health Professionals. NIH Office of Dietary Supplements. Retrieved June, 2023, from https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminB12-HealthProfessional/
- Mayo Clinic (2021, July 17). Vitamin B-12. Retrieved April 24, 2023, from https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements-vitamin-b12/art-20363663
- Rizzo, G., Laganà, A. S., Rapisarda, A. M., La Ferrera, G. M., Buscema, M., Rossetti, P., Nigro, A., Muscia, V., Valenti, G., Sapia, F., Sarpietro, G., Zigarelli, M., & Vitale, S. G. (2016). Vitamin B12 among Vegetarians: Status, Assessment and Supplementation. Nutrients, 8(12), 767. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu8120767
- Vasavada A, Sanghavi D. Cyanocobalamin. [Updated 2022 Sep 21]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK555964/
- Stover P. J. (2010). Vitamin B12 and older adults. Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care, 13(1), 24–27. https://doi.org/10.1097/MCO.0b013e328333d157
- Xu Y. F. (2016). Effect of Polysaccharide from Cordyceps militaris (Ascomycetes) on Physical Fatigue Induced by Forced Swimming. International journal of medicinal mushrooms, 18(12), 1083–1092. https://doi.org/10.1615/IntJMedMushrooms.v18.i12.30
- Kibirige, D., & Mwebaze, R. (2013). Vitamin B12 deficiency among patients with diabetes mellitus: is routine screening and supplementation justified?. Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders, 12(1), 17. https://doi.org/10.1186/2251-6581-12-17
- Pérez-Taboada, I., Alberquilla, S., Martín, E. D., Anand, R., Vietti-Michelina, S., Tebeka, N. N., Cantley, J., Cragg, S. J., Moratalla, R., & Vallejo, M. (2020). Diabetes Causes Dysfunctional Dopamine Neurotransmission Favoring Nigrostriatal Degeneration in Mice. Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society, 35(9), 1636–1648. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.28124
- Krzywański, J., Mikulski, T., Pokrywka, A., Młyńczak, M., Krysztofiak, H., Frączek, B., & Ziemba, A. (2020). Vitamin B12 Status and Optimal Range for Hemoglobin Formation in Elite Athletes. Nutrients, 12(4), 1038. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12041038
- Paul, C., & Brady, D. M. (2017). Comparative Bioavailability and Utilization of Particular Forms of B12 Supplements With Potential to Mitigate B12-related Genetic Polymorphisms. Integrative medicine (Encinitas, Calif.), 16(1), 42–49.
About the Author
Daniel Preiato is a registered dietitian who specializes in sports nutrition and nutrition education. He is also a certified strength and conditioning specialist, and an avid strength athlete. He uses his background in clinical nutrition to dissect research and help individuals meet their health and fitness goals.
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